Deciding to send your child to care is hard, especially in the early years (0-6 years old). When you first sit down to do research it can feel as though the options are endless. Child care, long day care, kindergarten, preschool, Montessori, family day care, nannies and the list goes on.
So it begs the question, 'what is the difference between these different arrangements and which one will suit the needs of my child'?
There are three child care options in Australia
First, let's start by simplifying the choices.
In Australia, there are three types of Government-supported care arrangements for early years education and care:
- Centre-based - your child attends a facility made which usually has been purpose-built to cater for the education and care of young children.
- Family day care - operate out of the educators home who is providing the care.
- Nanny care - is a more flexible arrangement, where a nanny usually attends your place of residence to care for your child.
Centre-based child care
Different terms are used to describe the various Centre-based care offerings. These include:
- Long day care
- Kindergarten
- Preschool
- Early Learning Centres
I would think of these as marketing terms. In Australia, all Centre-based services are required to operate per the National Quality Framework (NQF). As a result, each service has its quality measured against the seven quality areas:
- Educational excellence
- Health and safety
- Physical environments
- Staffing
- Relationships with children
- Partnerships with families and communities
- Leadership and service management
How will my child be educated?
The NQF prescribes the learning practices that educators employ to ensure modern methods of education based on our latest understanding of developmental psychology in the early years. There are two nationally-accepted learning frameworks:
- Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF)
- Framework for School Age Care
While these frameworks specify the method of education, they do not define the content (usually referred to as 'the program') that a service teaches a child. This makes early education very different to our curriculum/syllabus-based experience of primary and secondary.
If it sounds progressive, then you are right - it is! The EYLF (which most Centres in Australia follow) asks educators to develop the interests of the child through play and reflects the current state-of-the-art in early years development and psychology. Through this method, high-quality services will engage in a cycle of planning, where educators identify the interests of individual children and then develop programs to facilitate further education and growth. These cycles usually occur every week.
How is the quality of a Centre governed?
Centre-based services are subject to regulations that are thought to ensure a high quality of education and care. Every educator needs to have a tertiary degree (either a certification or university-issued degree) in Early Education and Care.
The regulations define two types of ratios that need to be maintained to ensure that a service can provide high-quality education and sufficient coverage of care:
- Staffing ratios - the ratio of Certificate III (preliminary accreditation) to Diploma (advanced) to Early Childhood Teachers (university qualified)
- Children to staff ratios - the ratio of children to educators based on age-group
However, staffing arrangements are only one part of the quality governance framework. As I mentioned above, the seven quality areas touch on the different capabilities that make a high-quality centre.
For most parents, this can feel quite complex. To cut through this complexity, the NQF puts in place a rating system. Every couple of years each service is assessed against the seven quality areas, after which the service receives a rating:
- Working towards (lowest)
- Meeting
- Exceeding
- Excellent (highest)
We encourage that parents and guardians investigate the rating of the service that they attend. The rating process is rigorous and provides you with an objective measure to gauge the quality of the service. We strongly encourage that you use the quality rating as a critical measure in your decision-making process.
How do Centre-based offerings differ?
Despite the naming differences, child care, long day care, preschool, kindergarten and early years learning centres are fundamentally the same. They are governed by the same framework and are required to apply the same teaching methods.
So why use different names? Some people will say legacy, but others also point to more salient features like:
- Long day care usually means the service is open from ~7 am to ~6 pm
- Preschool/ kindergarten usually only accept 3-5 years olds in preparation for primary school
I would keep in mind that these titles are inconsistently applied. Therefore, you and your child are likely to have very different experiences between two centres claiming to be preschools. When researching a Centre for your child, make sure to build a list of the services that are most important to you (for example, opening hours, meals, routine and extra-curricular activities). Then, take a tour of your short-listed services to ensure that they are the right fit.
Family day care
Family day care is a form of in-home care where the educator takes care of children from their own home. Family day care services are subject to the NQF and, as a result, will also have quality ratings.
In practice, you can expect a different standard of education and care from these services. The groups are smaller (for example, an educator can only care for seven children in NSW) and educator educates and cares for the child in the home environment.
When evaluating a family day care service, or comparing it to a centre:
- Keep an eye out for the resources (such as books, toys and iPads), ratings and different environments for your child to learn and grow through here.
- Understand the educator's education and care philosophy and evaluate against your own. Remember that your child won't have access to different educators.
- Take time to understand the educator's experience and track record. Ask for referrals and follow up with them to understand what you can expect if you put your child in their care.
Nanny care
A nanny usually cares for a child within the parent/ guardians own home. Nannies are not required to have a degree in children's education and the service that they provide is not typically subject to any government law.
The Australian Government has put in place an incentive scheme (called the Nanny Pilot Programme) to assist parents in accessing nannies. For a family to receive a subsidy under the Nanny Pilot Programme, the Nanny must satisfy minimum requirements such as having a valid Working with Children Check and having a valid CPR certification.
The Department of Education and Training, who administer the Nanny Pilot Scheme at the national level, provide a list of providers under the scheme who have been assessed based on capacity, experience and competency.
Nanny care and education
I generally wouldn't recommend a nanny if the family is looking for a high-quality educational experience for their child. Nannies usually do not carry the same qualifications and experience that educators in Centre-based or Family day care. Also, they are unlikely to have access to the same resources as a high-quality centre. ACECQA mention that:
"Nannies can be the best or only option for families who struggle to access child care services, particularly if they work non-standard hours or live in remote areas or away from existing child care."
I would be remiss if I didn't note that we have had the great privilege to have worked with (and have eventually even hired) some fantastic nannies who are now educators at our Centres. Nevertheless, the absence of an overarching quality and learning framework means that you can expect the quality of care to vary quite substantially.
Why do I prefer centre-based care?
I am an advocate for Centre-based care for two key reasons:
- Range to learn - children in Centre-based care have the capacity to exposed to a broad range of educational, social and emotional experiences. Also, more caring educators and different children provide more significant opportunity for connection, learning and growth.
- Good operators separate management from support services from educators/ carers - the last thing you want if for your educator to handle your billing, deal with all the paperwork, cook all the meals and then somehow then find time develop your child's interests. These roles are separated in Centre-based care, meaning educators can focus on the education and care of your child.
Not all centres will be able to deliver on the above promise. There are some fantastic family day care operators and nannies who will be able to provide similar high-quality experiences for your child. So while I appreciate the capacity for centre-based care to offer more for the child, I would encourage that you take the time to weigh up the individual services in your area.
Need more information
Starting Blocks is an excellent resource put together by the Australian Government that explains developmental milestones in the early years, provides practical tips to encourage learning at home and openly discusses the benefits of child care. They have put together this guide to choosing the best service for your child.
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